Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters
The availability of the Hipparcos Catalogue has triggered many kinematicand dynamical studies of the solar neighbourhood. Nevertheless, thosestudies generally lacked the third component of the space velocities,i.e., the radial velocities. This work presents the kinematic analysisof 5952 K and 739 M giants in the solar neighbourhood which includes forthe first time radial velocity data from a large survey performed withthe CORAVEL spectrovelocimeter. It also uses proper motions from theTycho-2 catalogue, which are expected to be more accurate than theHipparcos ones. An important by-product of this study is the observedfraction of only 5.7% of spectroscopic binaries among M giants ascompared to 13.7% for K giants. After excluding the binaries for whichno center-of-mass velocity could be estimated, 5311 K and 719 M giantsremain in the final sample. The UV-plane constructed from these datafor the stars with precise parallaxes (σπ/π≤20%) reveals a rich small-scale structure, with several clumpscorresponding to the Hercules stream, the Sirius moving group, and theHyades and Pleiades superclusters. A maximum-likelihood method, based ona Bayesian approach, has been applied to the data, in order to make fulluse of all the available stars (not only those with precise parallaxes)and to derive the kinematic properties of these subgroups. Isochrones inthe Hertzsprung-Russell diagram reveal a very wide range of ages forstars belonging to these groups. These groups are most probably relatedto the dynamical perturbation by transient spiral waves (as recentlymodelled by De Simone et al. \cite{Simone2004}) rather than to clusterremnants. A possible explanation for the presence of younggroup/clusters in the same area of the UV-plane is that they have beenput there by the spiral wave associated with their formation, while thekinematics of the older stars of our sample has also been disturbed bythe same wave. The emerging picture is thus one of dynamical streamspervading the solar neighbourhood and travelling in the Galaxy withsimilar space velocities. The term dynamical stream is more appropriatethan the traditional term supercluster since it involves stars ofdifferent ages, not born at the same place nor at the same time. Theposition of those streams in the UV-plane is responsible for the vertexdeviation of 16.2o ± 5.6o for the wholesample. Our study suggests that the vertex deviation for youngerpopulations could have the same dynamical origin. The underlyingvelocity ellipsoid, extracted by the maximum-likelihood method afterremoval of the streams, is not centered on the value commonly acceptedfor the radial antisolar motion: it is centered on < U > =-2.78±1.07 km s-1. However, the full data set(including the various streams) does yield the usual value for theradial solar motion, when properly accounting for the biases inherent tothis kind of analysis (namely, < U > = -10.25±0.15 kms-1). This discrepancy clearly raises the essential questionof how to derive the solar motion in the presence of dynamicalperturbations altering the kinematics of the solar neighbourhood: doesthere exist in the solar neighbourhood a subset of stars having no netradial motion which can be used as a reference against which to measurethe solar motion?Based on observations performed at the Swiss 1m-telescope at OHP,France, and on data from the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite.Full Table \ref{taba1} is only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/430/165}
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A standard stellar spectral sequence in the red/near-infrared - Classes K5 to M9
Spectra of 39 K and M dwarf spectroscopic standards, as well as 38secondary standards, are shown from 6300 to 9000 A. This sequence of 77spectra ranges from K5 V to M9 and has been classified on the Boeshaarsystem. Spectra of 14 giant and higher luminosity star are presentedfrom 6900 to 9000 A, along with two miscellaneous spectra. Also given isan extensive list of atomic and molecular features found in the spectraof late K and M stars of all luminosity classes. From the spectralslopes and the strengths of the red/near-infrared spectral features itis possible to distinguish giants from dwarfs and to classify M dwarfsof all spectral subclasses. The library of spectra has been used toconstruct a spectral class versus mass relation which allows massestimates to be made based upon a dwarf's spectral class alone. Therelation is based on eight objects having both well-determined massesand spectral types.
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BVRI photometry of the Gliese Catalogue stars
Photoelectri BVRI photometry on the Cousins (Kron-Cape) system has beenobtained for many of the southern faint stars in the Gliese Catalog(1969). This extends the work of Cousins (1980) and provides a uniformset of data for the nearby stars. Several red dwarfs are noted, whichwere used to define the red end of the Cousins system.
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Search for photometric variability among lower main-sequence stars
Results of a search for mean-annual light variations among 17main-sequence program stars and 34 comparison stars are presented.Photoelelectric observations were made with the 48-cm telescope at theBiurakan Observatory from 1978 to 1984. It is found that 23.5 percent ofthe program stars and 6 percent of the comparison stars are variable.
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The infrared luminosity function for low-mass stars
IR observational luminosity functions are presented for M dwarfs towardsthe South Galactic Pole and the Hyades cluster. A compilation of VRIJHKdata is given for 200 parallax stars. Two-color NIR/IR diagrams of thedata are used to demonstrate metallicity and gravity effects. It isshown that I-J is the purest temperature color index. The corrections tothe luminosity functions that are necessary to allow for magnitudeerrors (Malmquist effects) are discussed. It is found that there is arise in the luminosity function and the mass function for stars in thesolar neighborhood with masses close to the hydrogen-burning limit.
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Radial Velocities of K-Dwarfs and M-Dwarfs
Not Available
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Photometry of dwarf K and M stars
Broadband photometry in BVRI colors for 120 nearby dwarf K and M starsis presented. The apparent magnitude distributions of Vyssotsky and VanVleck stars with photometry and without photometry are studied. Therelationship between apparent and photoelectric magnitudes is analyzed.The proper motion and transverse velocity of the two star types areexamined and compared.
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UBVRI photoelectric photometry of nearby stars
In order to complete the photometric data of the Gliese (1969) 'Catalogof Nearby Stars', and in addition use these data for the Hipparcos spaceastrometry mission, program stars have been selected from the catalogand its supplements on the basis of their having an incomplete set ofUBVRI photometric data of magnitude lower than 13. The program developedrejects determinations of any magnitude or color index having a residualgreater than 2(sigma-prime), where sigma-prime is the standard deviationfor the determinations of unit weight.
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DDO Observations of Southern Stars
Not Available
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The degree of completeness of nearby stars and the stellar luminosity function
The aim of this study is the determination of the degree of completenessof nearby star catalogs for stars of as many spectral classes aspossible, by means of a novel method which eliminates giants, subgiantsand white dwarfs from the data sample. It is shown that main-sequencestars earlier than M0 are essentially complete and identified withinabout 20 pc of the sun, by determining V/V(max) as a function of B-V forthe main sequence stars. The luminosity function produced by the M0stars has been known to differ from the commonly accepted and smoothedluminosity function, which increases monotonically with absolutemagnitude, between the absolute visual magnitudes +6 and +9. It isconcluded that the deficiency between these magnitude limits is real,suggesting either (1) that stars of masses equivalent to this absolutemagnitude range are rarer than those of greater mass, or (2) that themass-luminosity relation is not as linear as is believed at present.
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Note on the Photometric Properties of Red Dwarfs in the Cousins VRI System
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1981A&AS...46..105T&db_key=AST
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VRI photometry of nearby stars.
Not Available
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Some Cross-Reference Lists for the Catalog of Possible Nearby Stars
Not Available
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Stellar Spectra in Milky way Regions. I. a. Region in Aquila.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1949ApJ...109..426M&db_key=AST
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INHABITED SKY
