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Dynamical mass estimates for two luminous young stellar clusters in Messier 83
Using new data from the UVES spectrograph on the ESO Very LargeTelescope and archive images from the Hubble Space Telescope, we havemeasured projected velocity dispersions and structural parameters fortwo bright young star clusters in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC5236. One cluster is located near the nuclear starburst of NGC5236, at a projected distance of 440 pc from the centre, while the otheris located in the disk of the galaxy at a projected galactocentricdistance of 2.3 kpc. We estimate virial masses for the two clusters of(4.2±0.7)×105 Mȯ and(5.2±0.8)×105 Mȯ and ages (frombroad-band photometry) of 107.1±0.2 years and108.0±0.1 years, respectively. Comparing the observedmass-to-light (M/L) ratios with simple stellar population models, wefind that the data for both clusters are consistent with a Kroupa-typestellar mass function (MF). In particular, we rule out any MF with asignificantly lower M/L ratio than the Kroupa MF, such as aSalpeter-like MF truncated at a mass of 1 Mȯ or higher.These clusters provide a good illustration of the fact that massive,globular cluster-like objects (``super star clusters'') can form at thepresent epoch even in the disks of seemingly normal, undisturbed spiralgalaxies.Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory,Chile under programme 71.B-0303A, and on observations obtained with theNASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope ScienceInstitute, which is operated by the Association of Universities forResearch in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
| A catalog of rotational and radial velocities for evolved stars. II. Ib supergiant stars
Rotational velocity vsin i and mean radial velocity are presented for asample of 231 Ib supergiant stars covering the spectral region F, G andK. This work is the second part of the large survey carried out with theCORAVEL spectrometer to establish the behavior of the rotation for starsevolving off the main sequence (De Medeiros & Mayor 1999). Thesedata will add constraints to the study of the rotational behavior inevolved stars, as well as solid information concerning tidalinteractions in binary systems and on the link between rotation,chemical abundance and activity in stars of intermediate masses. Basedon observations collected at the Haute-Provence Observatory,Saint-Michel, France and at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla,Chile Table 1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/395/97
| Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectroscopy and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Starburst Galaxy M82
We present new infrared observations of the central regions of thestarburst galaxy M82. The observations consist of near-infrared integralfield spectroscopy in the H and K bands obtained with the MPE 3Dinstrument and of λ=2.4-45 μm spectroscopy from the ShortWavelength Spectrometer (SWS) onboard the Infrared Space Observatory.These measurements are used, together with data from the literature, to(1) reexamine the controversial issue of extinction, (2) determine thephysical conditions of the interstellar medium (ISM) within thestar-forming regions, and (3) characterize the composition of thestellar populations. Our results provide a set of constraints fordetailed starburst modeling, which we present in a companion paper. Wefind that purely foreground extinction cannot reproduce the globalrelative intensities of H recombination lines from optical to radiowavelengths. A good fit is provided by a homogeneous mixture of dust andsources, and with a visual extinction of AV=52 mag. The SWSdata provide evidence for deviations from commonly assumed extinctionlaws between 3 and 10 μm. The fine-structure lines of Ne, Ar, and Sdetected with SWS imply an electron density of ~300 cm-3, andabundance ratios Ne/H and Ar/H nearly solar and S/H about one-fourthsolar. The excitation of the ionized gas indicates an average effectivetemperature for the OB stars of 37,400 K, with little spatial variationacross the starburst regions. We find that a random distribution ofclosely packed gas clouds and ionizing clusters and an ionizationparameter of ~10-2.3 represent well the star-forming regionson spatial scales ranging from a few tens to a few hundreds of parsecs.From detailed population synthesis and the mass-to-K-light ratio, weconclude that the near-infrared continuum emission across the starburstregions is dominated by red supergiants with average effectivetemperatures ranging from 3600 to 4500 K and roughly solar metallicity.Our data rule out significant contributions from older, metal-richgiants in the central few tens of parsecs of M82. Based on observationswith ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States(especially the PI countries: France, Germany, Netherlands, and theUnited Kingdom) and with the participation of ISAS and NASA. The SWS isa joint project of SRON and MPE.
| A new method to solve stellar population synthesis problems with the use of a data base
In this paper, we present a new solution of the stellar populationsynthesis problem using as primary information the equivalent width ofthe absorption lines observed in the spectra of, say, a galaxy. It isshown that this problem leads to a formulation akin to the maximumentropy method so successfully applied in image analysis and elsewhere.Emphasis is placed on the fact that it is a certain type of inverseproblem for which many local solutions do exist. Among these localsolutions there generally exists a global solution which is difficult toobtain in practice. A new method to search for this solution isproposed. First we solve a problem that is slightly different from theoriginal one but which possesses a unique solution. Then we return tothe original problem using that solution as a starting point of a localexploration. Because the change between the two formulations getssmaller as the errors in the data get smaller, we have great confidencethat the solution we find in this way is an efficient one. As thissolution may not be physical, we argue that either (1) the errors in theobservations are too big for any method to work properly or (2) it isthe signature of an inadequate stellar base. We then explore allboundaries by removing one or more stars from the data base and retainonly those truncated data bases for which the solution is physical. Thefinal solution (called the GPG solution) is that solution whichminimizes a certain distance criterion. We have tested our methodagainst noise in the data by Monte Carlo simulations and found it to begenerally unbiased and to have a small dispersion around the true valuefor signal-to-noise ratio as low as 10. This property holds true at verylow signal-to-noise ratio for stellar contributions greater thanapproximately 10 per cent. An example of the new method for the study ofthe active galaxy NGC 5643 is given.
| Classification and Identification of IRAS Sources with Low-Resolution Spectra
IRAS low-resolution spectra were extracted for 11,224 IRAS sources.These spectra were classified into astrophysical classes, based on thepresence of emission and absorption features and on the shape of thecontinuum. Counterparts of these IRAS sources in existing optical andinfrared catalogs are identified, and their optical spectral types arelisted if they are known. The correlations between thephotospheric/optical and circumstellar/infrared classification arediscussed.
| A library of H band stellar spectra for stellar population analysis purposes.
A sample of 37 stars of luminosity classes I, III, V, including few SMRstars observed in the H band with a medium resolution (R=1500-2000) ispresented. This sample of flux calibrated spectra is intended to widenexisting stellar libraries. A new IR spectrograph, ISIS/IR, foreseen forCFHT has been used. Its main characteristics are briefly described.Stellar spectra obtained with this new spectrograph are compared tosimilar data obtained with the ESO NTT IRSPEC spectrograph. Thebehaviour of some prominent features is described and it is shown thatthe COλ1.60/SiIλ1.60 line ratio is a good luminosityindicator for stellar types later than K0.
| The 1.5-1.7 micrometer spectrum of cool stars: Line identifications, indices for spectral classification and the stellar content of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068
The first aim of this paper is to determine which lines or narrowmolecular bands in the H-band spectra of cool stars could be of interestfor the classification of K-M stars. For this purpose we present highquality, medium resolution (R approximates 1500) spectra of field stars(mostly K-M giants and supergiants) and compare them with detailedsynthetic spectra computed on the basis of existing model atmospheresfor red giants. The agreement between theoretical and observed spectrais good and virtually all the observed features can be accounted for bylines of (12)CO, (13)CO, OH, Mg, Al, Si, Ca and Fe. We analyze in detailthe relative contribution of these and other species and conclude thatthe feature at 1.62 micrometers which is weak in early K but very strongin late M stars, is mainly due to the CO(6-3) band-head, while that at1.59 micrometers, which is prominent in all stars later than G, isprimarily attributable to silicon up to early M types, while in late Mstars this feature is strongly contaminated by OH lines. We choose thesetwo features as 'spectral classificators' and measure their equivalentwidths in more than 40 G, K, M giants and supergiants. From these datait is found that CO 1.62 in giants increases rapidly and with arelatively small scatter going to later spectral types. Supergiants havedeeper CO(6-3) and display a larger scatter. The (1.62)/(2.29) ratiosteadily increases going to cooler stars but does not vary significantlywith luminosity class. A very useful ratio is (1.62)/(1.59) whichincreases by a large factor from early K to late M stars and couldtherefore be a powerful tool to identify and estimate the averagespectral type of cool stars in complex objects like active galaxynuclei. To demonstrate such a possibility we also present long slitspectra of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 where the equivalent widths ofall stellar features are found to decrease in the central 4 arcsecaround the nucleus but the (1.62)/(1.59) ratio, and hence the averagestellar temperature, does not change significantly. The estimatedaverage spectral type is late-K which is compatible with either an oldand very metallic bulge population or a younger one associated with arecent starburst. These data also show that the non-stellar continuumaccounts for approximately 30% and approximately equal to or greaterthan 80% of the flux at 1.62 and 2.3 micrometers respectively in thecentral 4.4 arcsec. The features around 1.6 micrometers are thus muchless diluted than CO(2, 0) and hence offer advantages for studies of thestellar content in such objects. The non-stellar nuclear emission isvery red and most probably associated with a hot (T approximately equalor greater than 800 K) dust component.
| New features of IRSPEC.
Not Available
| IRAS catalogues and atlases - Atlas of low-resolution spectra
Plots of all 5425 spectra in the IRAS catalogue of low-resolutionspectra are presented. The catalogue contains the average spectra ofmost IRAS poiont sources with 12 micron flux densities above 10 Jy.
| Radial velocities of southern stars obtained with the photoelectric scanner CORAVEL. III - 790 late-type bright stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1985A&AS...59...15A&db_key=AST
| O stars and supergiants south of declination -53 0.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1976AJ.....81..116H&db_key=AST
| Magnitudes and colors for 833 Northern and Southern stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1955AJ.....60...65E&db_key=AST
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